The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.